Lumbar Disc Herniation
What is Lumbar Disc Herniation?
Lumbar disc herniation occurs when a disc in the lower spine ruptures or bulges, putting pressure on nearby nerves. This can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the lower back and legs.
Causes:
Age-related wear and tear (degeneration)
Sudden injury or trauma
Heavy lifting with poor technique
Repetitive strain on the spine
Symptoms:
Lower back pain
Pain radiating down one or both legs (sciatica)
Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
Muscle weakness in the lower body
Increased pain with movement, coughing, or sneezing
Diagnosis:
A healthcare provider may diagnose lumbar disc herniation using:
Medical history and physical examination
Imaging tests such as MRI, CT scan, or X-rays
Nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG)
Treatment Options:
Conservative (Non-Surgical) Treatments:
Rest and activity modification
Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility
Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications
Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation
Surgical Treatments:
If conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be considered.
Common procedures include microdiscectomy (removal of part of the herniated disc) or laminectomy (removal of part of the vertebra to relieve pressure).
Self-Care & Prevention:
Maintain a healthy weight
Engage in regular exercise, including core strengthening
Practice proper posture and body mechanics
Avoid prolonged sitting or standing in one position
When to See a Doctor:
Severe or worsening pain despite treatment
Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the legs
Loss of bladder or bowel control (seek emergency care)